MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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<<<BACKHYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY
The Background:
Oxygen
is essential to every one of the tissues in the body and that any tissue injury
requires oxygen for healing. Recent research in the University of Dundee has
shown that, in the inflammation that is typical of MS, the transport of oxygen
is severely limited by tissue swelling. It has been shown that, despite the
blood flow increasing many times, there may be a severe lack of oxygen in the
affected area so that, just when oxygen is needed most, it cannot reach the
tissue in sufficient quantity. Oxygen
therapy, where the normal amount of oxygen in the air is many times exceeded, is
now being widely used in medical practice, notably in the USA, Europe Japan,
Russia and China primarily to treat carbon monoxide poisoning and aid the
healing of injuries and wounds of different types. It is being used increasingly
in neurological diseases such as stroke and in head and spinal core injury. Its
use in multiple sclerosis has been controversial, largely because its function
and the expectations of its effects have been widely misunderstood. However,
studies have shown that it is beneficial. The process by which damage to the
nervous system is caused in MS clearly cannot be prevented by oxygen therapy,
but, as already discussed, the body normally heals itself using oxygen from the
air - giving additional oxygen extends the body's ability to heal and can limit
some of the damage which the disease causes. Why
should this be? Breathing oxygen under pressure causes the dilated and leaky
blood vessels in MS to constrict back to normal size and reduces the swelling,
due to fluid gathering, which can lead to cells dying. Paradoxically, at the
same time, more oxygen is delivered to the bloodstream so the net effect is to
improve and accelerate the normal healing process. Drugs can also constrict
blood vessels but, in doing so, they actually reduce the available amount of
oxygen. It is obvious they cannot replace oxygen. The aim of oxygen treatment in
MS is thus to minimise the amount of damage being caused, promote rapid healing
and limit the scar formation which can prevent nerve function being restored.
Clearly this is most appropriate as soon as possible after symptoms become
apparent. The
main objectives of any useful therapy in the established disease is to limit
further damage rather than expect to cure existing scars. Prevention is not only
better but more realistic here, than cure, and, while there are many accounts of
improvement or stabilisation in the variety of neurological functions by
HyperBaric Oxygen (HBO) treatment in MS, it has been in bladder function that
positive results have been most frequently described by researchers. Measurement
of bladder capacity and emptying have shown that oxygen treatment has a
distinctly beneficial effect and a two year study at Glasgow demonstrated the
importance of maintaining regular HBO treatment to prevent the progressive
deterioration in bladder function commonly found with MS. The
value of such prevention of irreversible bladder nerve damage is measured not
only in terms of comfort and well-being for an MS person, but also in the
minimising of the tendency toward chronic bladder infection and the kidney
damage which may have long-term consequences. Oxygen Treatment
Availability and Provision.
HBO
treatment is available at almost all Federation Centres. The equipment in the
Centres is fully and regularly tested, maintained and insured. The equipment
operators are comprehensively trained in its use. The initial course of
treatment lasts for twenty days, with each session lasting one hour. Patients
will sit together in a comfortable multiplace chamber. Pressure in the chamber
will not exceed twice the atmospheric pressure (deep sea divers have experienced
up to seventy times ambient pressure) and pure oxygen is breathed by face-mask. After
treatment a short rest with a cup of tea is recommended. Patients are monitored
during the initial course and at its conclusion. After this, a regime for
follow-up treatment is determined, ideally this would be once per week. Remember,
HBO is NOT a cure for MS. Whilst many MS people report improvements in
their symptoms, the main aim is to stabilise the patient's condition and it has
been shown that this can most often be achieved in the bladder function.
There are no side effects of the treatment, but before commencing a course confirmation that the patient's GP has no objection must be obtained and any physical condition other than the MS must be declared (e.g. it is essential that the ears can be cleared under pressure). During the last ten years well over a million treatment sessions have been carried out in this country alone without significant incident |